《阴阳 应象大论》曰:阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父母,生杀之本始,神明之府也,治病必求其本【此明天地万物,变化生杀,总不出于阴阳,察乎此者可以当神明矣。故治病者万绪纷然,必求于本,或本于阴,或本于阳,阴阳既得,病祟焉逃。芩连姜附,尽可回春,参术硝黄,并能起死。此之未辨,畏攻畏补,忧热忧寒,两岐必至于误生。广络遗讥于圣哲,本顾可弗求乎哉】。
《至真要大论》曰:谨守病机,各司其属,有者求之,无者求之,盛者责之,虚者责之,必先五胜,疏其血气,令其调达而致和平。(此言病状繁多,各宜细察,然总不外于虚实也。谨守者,防其变动也。病而曰机者,状其所因之不齐,而治之不可不圆活也。属者,有五脏之异、六腑之异、七情之异,六气之异、贵贱之异、老少之异,禀畀有虚实之异,受病有标本之异,风气有五方之异,运气有胜复之异,情性有缓急之异,有尝贵后贱之脱营,尝富后贫之气离守,各审其所属而司其治也。有者求之二句,言一遇病症,便当审其所属之有无也。盛者责之二句是一章之大纲,于各属有无之间分别虚实而处治也。然至虚似实,大实似虚,此又不可不详为之辨也。必先五胜者,如木欲实,金当平之之类是也。疏其血气,非专以攻伐为事。或补之而血气方行,或温之而血气方和,或清之而血气方治,或通之而血气方调,正须随机应变,不得执一定之法,以应无穷之变也。此治虚实之大法,一部《内经》之关要也)。
君一臣二,奇之制也,君二臣四,偶之制也;君二臣三,奇之制也;君二臣六,偶之制也【君者,品味少而分两多。臣者,品味多而分两少。奇制从阳,偶制从阴】。故曰:近者奇之,远者偶之;汗者不以偶,下者不以奇【病在上者为近,属阳,故用奇方,取其轻而缓也。病在下者为远,属阴,故用偶方,取其重而急也。汗者不以偶,阴沉不能达表也。下者不以奇,阳升不能降下也】;补上治上制以缓,补下治下制以急,急则气味浓,缓则气味薄。适其至所,此之谓也【上药宜缓,欲其曲留上部;下药宜急,欲其直达下焦。欲急者,须气味之浓,欲缓者,须气味之薄。缓急得宜,浓薄合度,则适其病至之所,何患剂之弗灵乎】。病所远而中道气味之者,食而过之,无越其制度也【病之所在远,而药则必由于胃,用之无法则未达病所,则中道先受其气味矣。当于食为度,而使远近适宜,是过之也,过,犹达也。欲其近者,药在食后,则食载药而留止于上,欲其远者,药在食前,则食坠药而疾走于下。服药有疾徐,根梢有升降,气味有缓急,药剂有汤丸膏散,各须合法,无越其度也】。是故平气之道,近而奇偶,制小其服也。远而奇偶,制大其服也。大则数少,小则数多,多则九之,少则二之【近病远病,各有阴阳表里之分,故远方近方,各有奇偶相兼之法,或方奇而分两偶,或方偶而分两奇,此奇偶互用也。近而奇偶,制小其服,小则数多而尽于九。盖数多则分两轻,性力缓而仅及近病也。远而奇偶,制大其服,大则数少,而止于二。盖数少则分两重,性力专而直达远病也。是皆奇偶互用法之变也】,奇之不去则偶之,是谓重方。偶之不去,则反佐以取之,所谓寒热温凉,反从其病也【此变通之法也。始用药奇而病不去,变而为偶,奇偶迭用,是曰重方。重者,复也。若偶之而又不去,则当求其微甚真假,反佐以取之。反佐者,顺其性也,如以热治寒而寒拒热,则反佐以寒而入之:以寒治热而热格寒,则反佐以热而入之。又如寒药热服,热药冷服,皆变通之妙用也。王太仆曰:热与寒背,寒与热违,微小之热为寒所折,微小之冷为热所消,大寒大热必能与违性者争,与异气者格,是以圣人反其佐以同其气,令声应气求也】。辛甘发散为阳,酸苦涌泄为阴,咸味涌泄为阴,淡味渗泄为
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阳,六者或收或散,或缓或急,或燥或润,或软或坚,以所利而行之,调其气使其平也【涌,吐也。泄,泻也。渗泄,利小便也。辛主散主润,甘主缓,酸主收主急,苦主燥主坚,咸主软,淡主渗泄,各因其利而行之,气可平矣】。寒者热之,热者寒之,微者逆之,甚者从之【义见上】,坚者削之,客者除之,劳者温之,结者散之,留者攻之,燥者濡之,急者缓之,散者收之,损者益之,逸者行之,惊者平之,上之下之,摩之浴之,薄之劫之,开之发之,适事为故【温之,甘温能除大热也,逸,即安逸也。饥饱劳逸皆能成病,过于逸则气脉凝滞,故须行之。上者,吐也。摩者,按摩也。薄者,即薄兵城下之义。适事为故,犹云中病为度,适可而止,毋太过以伤正,毋不及以留邪也】。逆者正治,从者反治,从少从多,观其事也【从少谓一从而二逆,从多为二从而一逆也。事即病也,观其病之轻重,而为之多少也】。热因寒用,寒因热用,塞因塞用,通因通用,必伏其所主,而先其所因,其始则同,其终则异,可使破积,可使溃坚,可使气和,可使必已【寒病宜热,然寒甚者格热,须热药冷服。此热因寒用也,热病宜寒,然热甚者格寒,须寒药热服,此寒因热用也。塞因塞用者,如下气虚乏,中焦气壅,欲散满则更虚其下,欲补下则满甚于中,治不知本而先攻其满,药入或减,药过依然,气必更虚,病必转甚,不知少服则壅滞,多服则宣通,峻补其下则下自实,中满自除矣。通因通用者,或挟热而利,或凝寒而泄,寒者以热下之,热者以寒下之,伏其所主,利病之本也。先其所因者,求病之由也。其始则同,言正治也。其终则异,言反治也,明于反治,何病不愈】。诸寒之而热者取之阴,热之而寒者取之阳,所谓求其属也【用寒药治热病,而热反增,非火有余,乃阴不足也,阴不足则火亢,故当取之阴,但补阴则阳自退耳。用热药治寒症,而寒反增,非寒有余,乃阳不足也,阳不足则阴寒,故当取之阳,但补水中之火,则寒自消耳。求其属者,求于本也。一水一火,皆于肾中求之,故王太仆曰:益火之源以消阴翳,壮水之主以制阳光,六味、八味二丸是也】。夫五味入胃,各归所喜攻,酸先入肝,苦先入心,甘先入脾:辛先入肺,咸先入肾。久而增气,物化之常也,气增而久,夭之由也【增气者,助其气也。如
黄连 之苦,本入心泻火,多服黄连,反助心火。故五味各归,久而增气,气增必夭折,可不慎欤】。
《阴阳应象大论》曰:因其轻而扬之,因其重而减之,因其衰而彰之【轻者在表,宜扬而散之。重者在内,宜减而泻之。衰者不补,则幽潜沉冤矣,补则再生,故曰彰】。形不足者,温之以气:精不足者,补之以味【此彰之之法也。阳气衰微则形不足,温之以气,则形渐复也。阴髓枯竭则精不足,补之以味,则精渐旺也】。其高者,因而越之【高者,病在上焦。越者,吐也,越于高者之上也】,其下者,引而竭之【下者,病在下焦,竭者,下也,引其气液就下也,通利二便皆是也。或云引者,蜜导、胆导之类。竭者,承气、抵当之类】,中满者,泻之于内【中满,非气虚中满也,如胀满而有水有积,伤寒而结胸便闭是也。内字与中字照应】。其有邪者,渍形以为汗【渍,浸也,如布桃枝以取汗,或煎汤液以熏蒸,或表清邪重,药不能汗,或冬月天寒,发散无功,非渍形之法不能汗也】;其在皮者,汗而发之【邪在皮则浅矣,但分经汗之可也】;其悍者,按而收之【者,急也。悍者,猛也,怒气伤肝之症也,按者,制伏酸收,如芍药之类是也】,其实者,散而泻之【阴实者,以丁、姜、桂、附散其寒。阳实者,以芩、连、栀、柏泻其火】,审其阴阳,以别柔刚【审病之阴阳,施药之柔刚】,阳病治阴,阴病治阳【阳胜者阴伤,治其阴者,补水之主也;阴胜者阳伤,治其阳者,补水中之火也】,定其血气,各守其乡【或
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血或气,用治攸分,各不可紊也】。血实宜决之【导之下流,如决江河也】,气虚宜掣引之【提其上升,如手掣物也】。
《五常政大论》曰:病有久新,方有大小,有毒无毒,固宜常制矣【病久者,宜大剂;病新者,宜小剂。无毒者,宜多用;有毒者,宜少用】。大毒治病,十去其六,常毒治病,十去其七,小毒治病,十去其八,无毒治病,十去其九【药不及则病不痊,药太过则正乃伤,大毒治病。十去其六,便当止矣。毒轻则可任,无毒则可久任也】,谷肉果菜,食养尽之,无使过之,伤其正也【病虽去而有未尽去者,当以饮食养正,而余邪自尽。若药饵太过,便伤正气】。必先岁气,毋伐天和【五运有纪,六气有序,四时有令,阴阳有节,皆岁气也。人气应之以生长收藏,此天和也。于此未明,则犯岁气、伐天和矣】。
《六元正纪大论》黄帝 问曰:妇人重身,毒之何如?岐伯曰:有故无殒,亦无殒也【有孕曰重身。毒之。用毒药也。故者,如下文大积大聚之故。有是故而用是药,所谓有病则病当之,故孕妇不殒,胎亦不殒也】。帝曰:愿闻其故何谓也?岐伯曰:大积大聚,其可犯也,衰其大半而止【大积大聚,非毒药不能攻,然但宜衰其大半,便当禁止,所谓大毒治病,十去其六者是也】。
薛按:论治之则,载由经籍,圆通之用,妙出吾心,如必按图索骥,则后先易辙,未有不出者矣。子舆氏曰:梓匠轮舆,能与人以规矩,不能使人巧。故夫揆度阴阳,奇恒五中,决以明堂,审于终始,其亦巧于规矩者乎。
《内经知要 》目录
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) [ PARAM ] array (
'id' => '84643',
) [ DB ] INIT mysql [ VIEW ] /webdata/lishishiji/application/index/view/index/news_details.html [ array (
0 => 'param',
1 => 'ip',
2 => 'user',
3 => 'url',
4 => 'site_logo',
5 => 'title',
6 => 'keywords',
7 => 'description',
8 => 'top_host_data',
9 => 'top_class',
10 => 'bar',
11 => 'art_data',
12 => 'between',
13 => 'all_data',
14 => 'goods_pic',
15 => 'laud',
) ]
[ DB ] CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000228s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;dbname=app;charset=utf8 [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `wt_site_art` [ RunTime:0.000754s ] [ SQL ] SELECT id,art_name,author,author_id,laud,add_time,content,description,keywords FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `id` = 84643 AND `status` = 1 AND `site_id` = 1047 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000351s ] [ SQL ] UPDATE `wt_site_art` SET `hit` = hit+1 WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `id` = 84643 [ RunTime:0.000429s ] [ SQL ] SELECT a.id as aid,`a`.`art_name`,b.id as bid,b.class_name as bn,c.id as cid,c.class_name as cn FROM wt_site_art as a LEFT JOIN `wt_site_art_class` `b` ON `a`.`class_id`=`b`.`id` LEFT JOIN `wt_site_art_class` `c` ON `b`.`pclass_id`=`c`.`id` WHERE `a`.`id` = '84643' AND `a`.`site_id` = '1047' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000285s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`sort`,`class_id` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `id` = 84643 AND `status` = 1 AND `site_id` = 1047 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000179s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`art_name`,`sort` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `status` = 1 AND `class_id` = 633 AND `id` > 84643 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000237s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`art_name`,`sort` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `status` = 1 AND `class_id` = 633 AND `id` < 84643 ORDER BY `sort` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.053240s ] [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `wt_site_goods` [ RunTime:0.000834s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`group_pic`,`goods_name` FROM `wt_site_goods` WHERE `id` = 3981 AND `site_id` = 1047 ORDER BY `sort` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000178s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `c`.`id` FROM wt_site_art as a LEFT JOIN `wt_site_art_class` `b` ON `a`.`class_id`=`b`.`id` LEFT JOIN `wt_site_art_class` `c` ON `b`.`pclass_id`=`c`.`id` WHERE `a`.`id` = '84643' AND `a`.`site_id` = '1047' LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000231s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `class_id` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `id` = 84643 AND `site_id` = 1047 AND `status` = 1 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000180s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `art_name`,`id` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `class_id` = 633 ORDER BY `hit` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.048065s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `art_name`,`id` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `class_id` = 633 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.006309s ] [ SQL ] SHOW COLUMNS FROM `wt_site_question` [ RunTime:0.000568s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`question` FROM `wt_site_question` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `class_id` = 19 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `hit` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000162s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `id`,`question` FROM `wt_site_question` WHERE `site_id` = 1047 AND `class_id` = 19 AND `status` = 1 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 0,10 [ RunTime:0.000138s ] [ SQL ] SELECT `laud` FROM `wt_site_art` WHERE `id` = 84643 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000170s ]
0.142023s